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Protrusion and hernia of the intervertebral disc: what is the difference. Diagnosis and treatment methods

27.12.2019 - 12:55

The intervertebral disc is a part of spinal column that absorbs pressure appearing of the person’s move and other physical activity. It performs its function on the proper way only if it takes a position clearly defined by nature. Degenerative processes change the location of the intervertebral disc, which in the best case leads to discomfort, and in the worst - to severe pain and patient’s immobilization. 

The displacement of the intervertebral disc  load causes two conditions - protrusion and hernia. They are often confused, since the same causes lead to thedisease development. However, the answer whether "protrusion means hernia " is clear - no. Let’s consider their differences, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment methods.

Protrusion and hernia: what is the difference?

In fact, protrusion is the first stage of discal hernia formation. Under the influence of degenerative processes the disc shifts slightly, but does not break the fibrous ring in which it is located. It is extremely important to seek help with a doctor at this stage, because with protrusion you can use the whole range of therapeutic measures, and in 95% of cases they produce the desired effect. You can’t help restoring the normal disc state during protrusion: for example, after serious injuries.

Usually protrusion has a size of 1-4 mm, but more serious protrusions also occur. According to the statistics, it occurs in 50-60% of men after 40 years of age. In women the disease is less common, probably due to less physical activity. Most often, protrusion affects the lower part of lumbar spine.

There is an opinion that protrusion is uncritical, and it is not always necessary to treat it. It is not true. Protrusion is an indicator that a degenerative process is started in the spine. In most cases it is progressive. In other words, protrusion develops and subsequently leads to hernia, which is much more difficult to treat.

As previously noted, the disk is displaced in protrusion, but the fibrous ring remains intact. If the patient is not treated, protrusion turns into extrusion, that is, the ring breaks, and the intervertebral disc protrudes outward. This is hernia.

Can protrusion become a hernia? Yes. But not always the intervertebral disc hernia is a consequence of protrusion. The fibrous ring can rupture due to injury, fall, sharp heavy object lifting. In this case you need to consult a doctor, and not just because this condition reduces the quality of life. The formation of hernia triggers an autoimmune process: the disc contents are perceived as a threat by immune system, therefore, antibody production begins. An inflammatory process develops, and healthy intervertebral discs suffer.

If the fibrous ring breaks completely, sequestration occurs. This is a disc fragment prolapse that is no longer associated with pulpous nucleus. This condition is especially dangerous. The element can squeeze the nerve roots, which will cause severe pain, as well as persistent damage to the corresponding structures.

Discal Hernia and Protrusion Causes 

  • Genetic predisposition. Due to this factor a hernia can occur even in a child. This happens because of protein defect that make up the disk.
  • Age-related changes. At young age the intervertebral disc is elastic and soft. As time passed the tissue is getting old, and the disc “becomes stiff”. It loses moisture, becomes less elastic. Shock absorbing capabilities are worsened, and the risk of disk injury increases.
  • Injuries. Damaging mechanical effect can result in protrusion or hernia. Especially dangerous are spinal blows and strong buttocks falls (an instant discs compression). This also includes fibrous ring injury as a result of a sharp weight lifting. 
  • Hypodynamia. Noteworthy, that the intervertebral discs suffer more if a person is inactive than when in physical activity. This applies to the sitting position, in which most modern people spend a lot of time. The intervertebral discs are under severe stress, which adversely affects the shock absorbing properties. In addition, the intervertebral disc does not receive moisture from surrounding muscles, since they are under the influence of spasm due to a static position. This leads to tissue wear and aging.
  • Exercising, which implies a heavy disc stocking. For example, golf, hammer throwing. The athlete “twists” the body, resulting in hernia or protrusion.
  • Overweight. Excess kilograms increase the load on the spine.
  • Smoking. It is not the reason, but the catalyst. Because of smoking the amount of oxygen in blood decreases, this negatively affects the tissues condition.

Symptoms of protrusion

  • Back Pain: from light whining to severe pain.
  • Pain spreading to the limbs.
  • Tingling in the spine, arms and legs.
  • Numbness of the limbs.
  • Weakness in the arms or legs.
  • Limitation of neck motion (if the cervical spine is affected);
  • Pain between the shoulder blades.
  • Rarely bladder disturbances (if the lumbar spine is affected).

Symptoms depend on size and localization of protrusion. If the fibrous ring is strong, protrusion can reach 10 mm without going into extrusion. Any way, any regular back- or limb ache should be the reason to visit the doctor.

Hernia symptoms

  • Severe pain in the lower back or limbs, chest, neck.
  • Periodical acute pain attacks which can be removed with medication only.
  • Inability to perform some work types due to severe pain during physical activity (for example, lifting things from the floor, cleaning).
  • Numbness of fingers.
  • Headache, dizziness.
  • Blood pressure spikes.

Similar to protrusion, symptoms may vary depending on location, causes, and size of hernia. Most often, there are three types of hernias. Let’s consider them:

  • Ventral (frontal). The intervertebral disc protrudes forward, affecting the anterior spinal ligament
  • Lateral (foraminal). Such hernias squeeze spinal nerves.
  • Rear (dorsal). Spinal cord tissue is compressed.

Hernia may arise in any direction, and the symptoms are different. You can determine the type of intervertebral disc hernia after MRI test.

Protrusion and Discal Hernia Diagnosis 

The most effective diagnostic method is MRI. Tomography allows you to determine the protrusion or hernia location, tissues and nerves damage degree. In case of hernia MRI makes it possible to detect its orientation and size.

Computed tomography provides information about bones condition, but this method is ineffective in diagnosing soft tissues condition. If necessary, an auxiliary method can be applied. Radiography and ultrasound are also used.

Protrusion treatment

The treatment of both diseases is complex. The doctor develops therapy after a thorough diagnosis, because should consider many features of hernia or protrusion, as well as the patient’s body as a whole.

A therapeutic massage is prescribed to relieve swelling and inflammation. Physiotherapeutic procedures, such as magnetotherapy, are also applied. To restore the full functioning of musculoskeletal system, patient may be assigned to work on simulators. Exercise therapy helps to strengthen the dorsal muscle sling and restore muscle tone. To eliminate pain, relieve stress, neutralize the inflammatory process, medical treatment is used.

Metamer treatment methods have proven their effectiveness. Metamer massage therapy eliminates cramping and pain, improves blood circulation, normalizes the intervertebral discs nutrition with useful substances, liquid. Metameric injections are also used, which allow you to directly affect the disease areas.

There are many effective methods. It is important to correctly develop еру treatment method, choosing the right combination. Our specialists at Bersenev’s Medical Centre know exactly what protrusion is and the ways if treating it. Clinic physicians will conduct a thorough diagnosis, and then develop a therapy taking into account individual characteristics of the patient. Treatment can be carried out at home between the courses of metameric injections. The function of the intervertebral disc can be restored If the patient follows the doctor's recommendations.

Discal Hernia Treatment

If necessary, a bed rest is prescribed for the patient during treatment. Medicinal treatment is to apply medicine described above. Patients are prescribed acupressure, acupuncture. Metameric methods of treatment are used: massage, injections.

After pain syndrome removal you can proceed with physical therapy and other motor treatment methods.

If the patient seeks help shortly after the symptoms are detected, conservative treatment gives result in approximately 85% of cases. If it has not produced the desired effect, you have to resort to surgical intervention. The operation is carried out only in case of urgency.

Conclusion

To avoid the operating table, it is important to monitor your spine condition, heeding “warning signs”. This is especially true for people after 40 years of age. At the protrusion stage the problem is most easily eliminated, but hernia is not a sentence. It is important to find an experienced doctor who has access to modern methods of diagnosis and treatment. Protrusion or hernia is relatively harmless disease, if properly treated. Physicians of Bersenev’s Medical Centre know the ways of its treating.

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Как правило, в первый месяц рождения, врачи направляют родителей на принудительную консультацию к детскому неврологу в клинике, даже если он родился полностью здоровым, и не обладает какими-либо нарушениями связанных с нервной системой. Кроме того, также необходимы регулярные повторные осмотры, на протяжении следующих этапов жизни.

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Radial nerve neuropathy

Серед усіх видів невропатій верхніх кінцівок найпоширенішою є саме невропатія променевого нерва. Невропатія може виникнути після глибокого сну, якщо людина спала на твердій поверхні, поклавши при цьому руку під голову.

Детальніше
Ulnar nerve neuropathy

Невропатія ліктьового нерва проявляється в порушенні його функції в результаті компресії нервового стовбура у вузьких кістково-м’язових каналах в області ліктьового суглоба і на кисті або ж в результаті травми (розтягнення, надрив ліктьового нерва) при вивихах і підвивихах в ліктьовому суглобі. Невропатія, що виникла при здавлюванні нерва в кубітальному каналі, відома ще під назвою «синдром кубітального каналу».

Детальніше
Median nerve neuropathy

Невропатія серединного нерва – це ураження серединного нерва, що проявляється виникненням чутливих і рухових розладів у зоні його іннервації (в 1, 2 і 3 пальцях рук).

Детальніше
Sciatic nerve neuropathy

Невропатія сідничного нерва – одна з найпоширеніших мононевропатій нижніх кінцівок. Вона полягає в пошкодженні сідничного нерва і формуванні ряду рухових і чутливих порушень його функції.

Детальніше
Peroneal nerve neuropathy

Peroneal nerve neuropathy occurs in case of injuries or nerve trunk compression at any part of shin nerve division. This is the most common lower extremities neuropathy type.

Peroneal nerve neuropathy occurs in case of injuries or nerve trunk compression at any part of shin nerve division. This is the most common lower extremities neuropathy type.

Детальніше
Tibial nerve neuropathy

Невропатія великогомілкового нерва часто спостерігається при переломах кісток гомілки, вивиху гомілковостопного суглоба, розтягненні і пошкодженні зв’язок стопи. Повторні спортивні травми стопи, захворювання колінного і гомілковостопного суглоба, порушення обміну речовин і розладу кровообігу нерва часто призводять до даного виду невропатії.

Детальніше
Myalgia, myositis, myofascial syndrome

Міалгії (фіброміалгії), міозити, міофасціальний синдром – захворювання, головним симптомом яких є виражений м’язовий біль різної локалізації та походження. М’язові болі можуть виникати в силу різних причин:

  1. застійні явища в м’язових тканинах;
  2. гіпертонус м’язів (стійкий м’язовий спазм);
  3. удари і розтяги;
Детальніше
Додаткові послуги
Speech therapist appointment

A speech is a reflection of thinking; it is a system. If there are problems with oral speech, then there will be difficulties with the thoughts formation, the ability to analyse, speculate, build logic chains, and also there will be some difficulties with reading and writing. A violation in one speech link is enough to make the whole system start to function incorrectly.

A speech is a reflection of thinking; it is a system. If there are problems with oral speech, then there will be difficulties with the thoughts formation, the ability to analyse, speculate, build logic chains, and also there will be some difficulties with reading and writing. A violation in one speech link is enough to make the whole system start to function incorrectly.

A speech is a reflection of thinking; it is a system. If there are problems with oral speech, then there will be difficulties with the thoughts formation, the ability to analyse, speculate, build logic chains, and also there will be some difficulties with reading and writing. A violation in one speech link is enough to make the whole system start to function incorrectly.

A speech is a reflection of thinking; it is a system. If there are problems with oral speech, then there will be difficulties with the thoughts formation, the ability to analyse, speculate, build logic chains, and also there will be some difficulties with reading and writing. A violation in one speech link is enough to make the whole system start to function incorrectly.

Детальніше
Metameric massage

Many articles have already been written about the undoubted massage benefits, and it has long been known that this is one of healing means, along with sports and nutrition. Massage helps to recover from stress quickly and avoid diseases associated with constant nervous tension, relieves pain points, and relaxes tense muscles. It also reduces anxiety, normalizes the blocked energy flow, enhances the immune system functions, and restores a sense of calm and well-being. This is an important component of a healthy lifestyle.

Детальніше
Psychologist consultation is your chance to change your life for the better

 

The spine, keeping the whole skeleton in an upright position, is the core of both the whole organism and our Personality.

Детальніше
Family physician appointment

At the “Bersenev’s Medical Center” all patients can get a qualified individual consultation of the family physician Petlytska Victoria Vitaliivna, a specialist with decades of experience in this field.

Victoria Vitaliivna had gotten a special multi-field speciality training of “family medicine”.

Детальніше
Diagnosis

Neurofunctional research methods help the clinician-neurologist to confirm the diagnosis, determine the degree and nature of lesion, choose the optimal treatment tactics and correct the possibilities of restoring the affected structures of central and peripheral nervous system.

Детальніше
Infusion therapy

Infusion therapy (intravenous administration of solutions of various drugs into the body) is currently one of the most important medical measures aimed to solve a wide range of medical problems. This method of treatment exists since the 30s of the XIX century.

This method of treatment allows you to achieve a rapid therapeutic effect, as the medicine enters directly into the bloodstream, and also allows you to control its action more effectively.

Детальніше
Kinesio Taping

Kinesio taping is the imposition and fixation of special elastic bands on the child’s skin for several days in order to provide physiological movements of the joints and muscles, activating the processes of recovery and movement control. Kinesio tapes are elastic cotton tapes coated with an acrylic-based hypoallergenic adhesive gel.

Детальніше
Orthoses Making

В нашем Медицинском Центре Вы можете получить изготовить индивидуальные ОРТЕЗЫ из термопластичного низкотемпературного материала.

Ортезы — это специальные ортопедические приспособления, предназначенные для коррекции, стабилизации и компенсации нарушений опорно-двигательной системы. Ортезы обеспечивают защиту и разгрузку суставов, создавая для них внешнюю поддержку. Ортезы -незаменимые помощники в лечении и реабилитации.

Детальніше
Corrective insoles making

Neuropsychology arose at the intersection of medicine and psychology. This is a section of psychology that studies the brain organization of mental processes: attention, memory, perception, speech, motor skills, thinking, and emotional responses.

Neuropsychology arose at the intersection of medicine and psychology. This is a section of psychology that studies the brain organization of mental processes: attention, memory, perception, speech, motor skills, thinking, and emotional responses.

Детальніше
Metameric speech apparatus massage

Масаж артикуляційного апарату або логопедичний масаж – це метод механічного впливу, який змінює стан м’язів, нервів, кровоносних судин і тканин артикуляційного апарату.

Детальніше
Doctor Bersenev explains
Double hemiplegia as a form of cerebral palsy
Double hemiplegia as a form of cerebral palsy
Double hemiplegia is the rarest form of cerebral palsy. It occurs in 1.9% of patients. The most common form is spastic diplegia. Usually, motor function is affected, in some children intellectual abilities may suffer as well.
Hemiparetic cerebral palsy
Hemiparetic cerebral palsy
Hemiparetic cerebral palsy is one of the most common forms of cerebral palsy. This condition arises due to abnormal fetal development, which leads to brain damage.
Atonic-astatic form of cerebral palsy
Atonic-astatic form of cerebral palsy
This form of cerebral palsy has several names: atonic, atonic-astatic, ataxic. Along with double hemiplegia, it is one of the rarest and most difficult forms of treatment.
Cerebral palsy: spastic diplegia
Cerebral palsy: spastic diplegia
Spastic diplegia is the most common form of cerebral palsy. It is diagnosed in 40% of patients, mainly in babies born prematurely. Disorders of the arms and legs are most characteristic of the disease, that is, tetraparesis is observed, but the legs suffer more than the hands
Knee joint arthrosis
Knee joint arthrosis
Knee joint arthrosis is a disease in which all joint elements suffer, but the most affected is a cartilage. This type of arthrosis is the most common disease. Another name for this is gonarthrosis.
Constant Fatigue: Causes and Solutions
Constant Fatigue: Causes and Solutions
Many women (especially aged) trat chronic fatigue safely, saying, it’s a normal, common situation. So it is in some cases. For example, if a person goes in physical labor.
Spinal muscular atrophy
Spinal muscular atrophy
Spinal muscle atrophy (SMA) is a severe neuromuscular disease caused by damage to motor neurons (motor neurons), which are located in the front horns of the spinal cord, as well as neurons of the motor nuclei in the brain stem.
Kennedy spinal amyotrophy
Kennedy spinal amyotrophy
Kennedy spinal amyotrophy is a genetic disease characterized by damage to motor neurons. These are large nerve cells responsible for maintaining muscle tone and motor coordination.
Kugelberg-Velander juvenile spinal amyotrophy
Kugelberg-Velander juvenile spinal amyotrophy
Амиотрофия Куберберга-Веландера – это наследственное нервно-мышечное заболевание, обусловленное поражением двигательных нейронов (мотонейронов), которые расположены в передних рогах спинного мозга.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an X-linked disease and is characterized by rapid progression of muscular dystrophy. This disease is caused by a mutation in the dystrophin gene located on chromosome X. That is why, as a rule, boys get sick.
Teens Lumbar Pain
Teens Lumbar Pain
Sometimes teenagers suffer from back pain. Most parents think that the child has pulled a muscle or is just tired. First of all, these are spine problems. Lumbar juvenile osteochondrosis bear a similar clinical picture to an adult disease.
Generation with a head down
Generation with a head down
Modern people can no longer imagine their life without a smartphone, tablet or laptop – with the help of these devices we get new information, read books, listen to music, communicate with friends, pay bills, make purchases and much more. On everage we spend in an online environment from 2 to 5 hours a day, and freelancers (people working online) spend from 10 to 12 hours.
What to do if a child does not obey at the age of 2
What to do if a child does not obey at the age of 2
The age of 2 is a difficult period for a child and its parents. The baby is actively developing vital skills of movement, self-service and, of course, speech. Normally, the 2 years old child clearly understands adult speech, performs basic instructions, and points at the named objects.
For parents’ information
For parents’ information
Calendar, with which we compare our life, schedule vacation, wedding, housewarming, school entering, its graduation is not suitable for all occasions.
Child’s Heavy Breathing
Child’s Heavy Breathing
Child’s heavy breathing: causes, symptoms, are they worth paying attention? The child is breathing heavily. Many parents do not pay attention, and this can be one of the symptoms of autonomic dysfunction syndrome (ADS). Let’s consider the causes, symptoms of сhild’s heavy breathing.
Teen’s cervical crunch
Teen’s cervical crunch
Nowadays cervical crunch is often observed with adolescents. Usually parents do not know how to react to such phenomena: wait until everything passes by itself or immediately ring the alarm? Let’s consider the reasons of cervical crunch in adolescents, the diseases it may indicate and the ways of its treating.
Allergy
Allergy
The allergy is one of the most common diseases of mankind. According to WНO statistics, about 45% of the population suffer from allergy, and this percentage is growing every year.
Migraine diet
Migraine diet
Many people know first-hand what the “migraine” is. About 30% of the adult population of the world is familiar with this raging headache.
How to distinguish ARVI from influenza?
How to distinguish ARVI from influenza?
Annually in the autumn-spring period, the incidence of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) and, in particular, influenza increases. And the overall hypothermia, seasonal decrease in immunity, and enhanced susceptibility to viruses contribute to this.
The child does not speak at the age of 2: reasons and treatment
The child does not speak at the age of 2: reasons and treatment
A two years old child does not speak: reasons, symptoms; is it worth visiting a neurologist? Normally, upon reaching this age, the kid should actively communicate with parents and relatives, otherwise this may be a sign of psycho-speech development delay.
Unusual syndromes
Unusual syndromes
Alice in Wonderland syndrome. In this neurological condition, a person hardly separates objects by size, considering everything as tiny (micropsia) or huge (macropsia) relative to actual size. Such a disorder may be the initial signal of infection with Epstein-Barr virus (mononucleosis)
About gluten
About gluten
The coeliac disease is an autoimmune disease that is often described as a digestive disorder due to the damage of small intestine walls.
The neuralgia of trigeminal nerve
The neuralgia of trigeminal nerve
The trigeminal nerve neuralgia (trigeminal neuralgia) is characterized by acute excruciating pain along the affected branch of the trigeminal nerve on the face.
Intercostal neuralgia
Intercostal neuralgia
Міжреберна невралгія (або «грудний радикуліт») – це досить поширена патологія, яка часто зустрічається в клінічній практиці лікаря – невролога. Цей тип невралгії пов’язаний з роздратуванням, запаленням або компресією міжреберних нервів і проявляється в основному болем.
Occipital nerve neuralgia
Occipital nerve neuralgia
Neuralgia of the occipital nerve is one of the frequent causes of headache in the occipital region.
15 Tips of healthy and proper nutrition
15 Tips of healthy and proper nutrition
When it comes to healthy eating, many people understand this expression not wholly true. It is not the exhaustion by hunger; rather, the meaning of this phrase is to make a person feel great, energetic and in good spirits, consuming certain foods.
Dietary habits in winter
Dietary habits in winter
In cold season it is necessary to pay close attention to your own diet, because the rational, well-balanced and proper nutrition is the most effective and simple preventive method of cold-related diseases.
Symptoms of lumbosacral osteochondrosis
Symptoms of lumbosacral osteochondrosis
Lumbar osteochondrosis is characterized by painful symptoms of varying intensity and localization. At the initial stages, the osteochondrosis is usually asymptomatic; the pain appears only at the second stage of disease. We suggest you to familiarize yourself with the most frequent options of spine pathology behaviour.
Chronic cerebrovascular disturbance
Chronic cerebrovascular disturbance
The brain needs a constant supply of blood, which brings oxygen and nutrients to it. The nutrition of each nerve cell (neuron) is provided by many large vessels and small capillaries from two arterial systems (the pool of internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries).
Spine therapy
Spine therapy
“No matter what kind of disease a person has, start the treatment from the back, then look what’s left and heal him completely” – Hippocrates. This phrase is a kind of “Bersenev’s Medical Centre” motto, because, as you know, most human diseases are directly or indirectly related to the state of spine and nervous system.
Radiculitis (radiculopathy)
Radiculitis (radiculopathy)
The term “radiculitis” is very often used by neurologists to describe the pronounced pain syndrome in the back during compression or strangulation of the spinal cord roots. This word is a derivative of two words (lat. Radix – root and it, itis – inflammation).
Headache or cerebralgia
Headache or cerebralgia
Headache is one of the most frequent complaints at the appointment with a therapist or neurologist, and it affects both men and women, regardless of age.
The back pain
The back pain
Most of people know very well, what the back pain is, because it caught up each of us at least once in a life. Some even tried to cope with this pain on their own, without visiting the doctor. It is not the right decision, because a wide variety of pathologies can hide under the mask of back pain; and self-medication can only worsen your condition.
Spinal column self-diagnosis
Spinal column self-diagnosis
An ancient proverb says: “A man is as young as his spine young is.” According to experts, only one of 150 people is a happy owner of healthy and flexible spine. Are you among them? It is not difficult to check using simple functional tests that are easy to do on your own.
Danger of falling on the tailbone
Danger of falling on the tailbone
Many people do not even think that the cause of aching lumbar pain may be a former fall on the tailbone on slippery surface. After all, as is usually happens: a person slipped, fell down, got up, shook snow off and ran his own way. The lower back discomfort in the next two or three days is still felt.
Abrupt wakeup is harmful!
Abrupt wakeup is harmful!
Everyone knows that a good night’s sound sleep is necessary to maintain normal functioning of all the internal body systems, to normalize metabolic processes, to rally and rest. Moreover, the important condition for sound sleep is the way you wake up.
Smoking weakens the ability to endure pain
Smoking weakens the ability to endure pain
The scientists from the University Clinic of Northern Norway conducted an interesting experiment, which shows the effect of smoking on the pain sensitivity level. Until now, there have been contradictory opinions in medicine about this
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